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Tank cleaning is the process of removing hydrocarbon vapors, liquids, or residues from cargo tanks onboard a tanker. Tank cleaning may be required for one or more of the following reasons: To gas-free tanks for internal inspections, repairs, or before entering the dry dock. The process are very well aware of the hazards involved and fatal accidents that have occurred in the past.

Ship generated sludge are the residue from any oil separation process which is usually a mixture of water, solid material and high viscosity oil. Sludge oil thus results from the fuel or lubricating oil separators, waste lubricating oil from the main or auxiliary machinery, or waste oil from bilge water separators, oil filtering equipment or drip trays, (MARPOL). In essence, sludge is a contaminant that results from the handling, mixing, blending, and pumping of heavy fuel while stored at, and after it leaves, the refinery.